/* eslint no-undefined: 0, prefer-spread: 0, no-control-regex: 0 */

'use strict';

const crypto = require('crypto');
const os = require('os');
const fs = require('fs');
const punycode = require('punycode');
const PassThrough = require('stream').PassThrough;
const shared = require('../shared');

const mimeFuncs = require('../mime-funcs');
const qp = require('../qp');
const base64 = require('../base64');
const addressparser = require('../addressparser');
const fetch = require('../fetch');
const LastNewline = require('./last-newline');

/**
 * Creates a new mime tree node. Assumes 'multipart/*' as the content type
 * if it is a branch, anything else counts as leaf. If rootNode is missing from
 * the options, assumes this is the root.
 *
 * @param {String} contentType Define the content type for the node. Can be left blank for attachments (derived from filename)
 * @param {Object} [options] optional options
 * @param {Object} [options.rootNode] root node for this tree
 * @param {Object} [options.parentNode] immediate parent for this node
 * @param {Object} [options.filename] filename for an attachment node
 * @param {String} [options.baseBoundary] shared part of the unique multipart boundary
 * @param {Boolean} [options.keepBcc] If true, do not exclude Bcc from the generated headers
 * @param {Function} [options.normalizeHeaderKey] method to normalize header keys for custom caseing
 * @param {String} [options.textEncoding] either 'Q' (the default) or 'B'
 */
class MimeNode {
    constructor(contentType, options) {
        this.nodeCounter = 0;

        options = options || {};

        /**
         * shared part of the unique multipart boundary
         */
        this.baseBoundary = options.baseBoundary || crypto.randomBytes(8).toString('hex');
        this.boundaryPrefix = options.boundaryPrefix || '--_NmP';

        this.disableFileAccess = !!options.disableFileAccess;
        this.disableUrlAccess = !!options.disableUrlAccess;

        this.normalizeHeaderKey = options.normalizeHeaderKey;

        /**
         * If date headers is missing and current node is the root, this value is used instead
         */
        this.date = new Date();

        /**
         * Root node for current mime tree
         */
        this.rootNode = options.rootNode || this;

        /**
         * If true include Bcc in generated headers (if available)
         */
        this.keepBcc = !!options.keepBcc;

        /**
         * If filename is specified but contentType is not (probably an attachment)
         * detect the content type from filename extension
         */
        if (options.filename) {
            /**
             * Filename for this node. Useful with attachments
             */
            this.filename = options.filename;
            if (!contentType) {
                contentType = mimeFuncs.detectMimeType(this.filename.split('.').pop());
            }
        }

        /**
         * Indicates which encoding should be used for header strings: "Q" or "B"
         */
        this.textEncoding = (options.textEncoding || '')
            .toString()
            .trim()
            .charAt(0)
            .toUpperCase();

        /**
         * Immediate parent for this node (or undefined if not set)
         */
        this.parentNode = options.parentNode;

        /**
         * Hostname for default message-id values
         */
        this.hostname = options.hostname;

        /**
         * An array for possible child nodes
         */
        this.childNodes = [];

        /**
         * Used for generating unique boundaries (prepended to the shared base)
         */
        this._nodeId = ++this.rootNode.nodeCounter;

        /**
         * A list of header values for this node in the form of [{key:'', value:''}]
         */
        this._headers = [];

        /**
         * True if the content only uses ASCII printable characters
         * @type {Boolean}
         */
        this._isPlainText = false;

        /**
         * True if the content is plain text but has longer lines than allowed
         * @type {Boolean}
         */
        this._hasLongLines = false;

        /**
         * If set, use instead this value for envelopes instead of generating one
         * @type {Boolean}
         */
        this._envelope = false;

        /**
         * If set then use this value as the stream content instead of building it
         * @type {String|Buffer|Stream}
         */
        this._raw = false;

        /**
         * Additional transform streams that the message will be piped before
         * exposing by createReadStream
         * @type {Array}
         */
        this._transforms = [];

        /**
         * Additional process functions that the message will be piped through before
         * exposing by createReadStream. These functions are run after transforms
         * @type {Array}
         */
        this._processFuncs = [];

        /**
         * If content type is set (or derived from the filename) add it to headers
         */
        if (contentType) {
            this.setHeader('Content-Type', contentType);
        }
    }

    /////// PUBLIC METHODS

    /**
     * Creates and appends a child node.Arguments provided are passed to MimeNode constructor
     *
     * @param {String} [contentType] Optional content type
     * @param {Object} [options] Optional options object
     * @return {Object} Created node object
     */
    createChild(contentType, options) {
        if (!options && typeof contentType === 'object') {
            options = contentType;
            contentType = undefined;
        }
        let node = new MimeNode(contentType, options);
        this.appendChild(node);
        return node;
    }

    /**
     * Appends an existing node to the mime tree. Removes the node from an existing
     * tree if needed
     *
     * @param {Object} childNode node to be appended
     * @return {Object} Appended node object
     */
    appendChild(childNode) {
        if (childNode.rootNode !== this.rootNode) {
            childNode.rootNode = this.rootNode;
            childNode._nodeId = ++this.rootNode.nodeCounter;
        }

        childNode.parentNode = this;

        this.childNodes.push(childNode);
        return childNode;
    }

    /**
     * Replaces current node with another node
     *
     * @param {Object} node Replacement node
     * @return {Object} Replacement node
     */
    replace(node) {
        if (node === this) {
            return this;
        }

        this.parentNode.childNodes.forEach((childNode, i) => {
            if (childNode === this) {
                node.rootNode = this.rootNode;
                node.parentNode = this.parentNode;
                node._nodeId = this._nodeId;

                this.rootNode = this;
                this.parentNode = undefined;

                node.parentNode.childNodes[i] = node;
            }
        });

        return node;
    }

    /**
     * Removes current node from the mime tree
     *
     * @return {Object} removed node
     */
    remove() {
        if (!this.parentNode) {
            return this;
        }

        for (let i = this.parentNode.childNodes.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
            if (this.parentNode.childNodes[i] === this) {
                this.parentNode.childNodes.splice(i, 1);
                this.parentNode = undefined;
                this.rootNode = this;
                return this;
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * Sets a header value. If the value for selected key exists, it is overwritten.
     * You can set multiple values as well by using [{key:'', value:''}] or
     * {key: 'value'} as the first argument.
     *
     * @param {String|Array|Object} key Header key or a list of key value pairs
     * @param {String} value Header value
     * @return {Object} current node
     */
    setHeader(key, value) {
        let added = false,
            headerValue;

        // Allow setting multiple headers at once
        if (!value && key && typeof key === 'object') {
            // allow {key:'content-type', value: 'text/plain'}
            if (key.key && 'value' in key) {
                this.setHeader(key.key, key.value);
            } else if (Array.isArray(key)) {
                // allow [{key:'content-type', value: 'text/plain'}]
                key.forEach(i => {
                    this.setHeader(i.key, i.value);
                });
            } else {
                // allow {'content-type': 'text/plain'}
                Object.keys(key).forEach(i => {
                    this.setHeader(i, key[i]);
                });
            }
            return this;
        }

        key = this._normalizeHeaderKey(key);

        headerValue = {
            key,
            value
        };

        // Check if the value exists and overwrite
        for (let i = 0, len = this._headers.length; i < len; i++) {
            if (this._headers[i].key === key) {
                if (!added) {
                    // replace the first match
                    this._headers[i] = headerValue;
                    added = true;
                } else {
                    // remove following matches
                    this._headers.splice(i, 1);
                    i--;
                    len--;
                }
            }
        }

        // match not found, append the value
        if (!added) {
            this._headers.push(headerValue);
        }

        return this;
    }

    /**
     * Adds a header value. If the value for selected key exists, the value is appended
     * as a new field and old one is not touched.
     * You can set multiple values as well by using [{key:'', value:''}] or
     * {key: 'value'} as the first argument.
     *
     * @param {String|Array|Object} key Header key or a list of key value pairs
     * @param {String} value Header value
     * @return {Object} current node
     */
    addHeader(key, value) {
        // Allow setting multiple headers at once
        if (!value && key && typeof key === 'object') {
            // allow {key:'content-type', value: 'text/plain'}
            if (key.key && key.value) {
                this.addHeader(key.key, key.value);
            } else if (Array.isArray(key)) {
                // allow [{key:'content-type', value: 'text/plain'}]
                key.forEach(i => {
                    this.addHeader(i.key, i.value);
                });
            } else {
                // allow {'content-type': 'text/plain'}
                Object.keys(key).forEach(i => {
                    this.addHeader(i, key[i]);
                });
            }
            return this;
        } else if (Array.isArray(value)) {
            value.forEach(val => {
                this.addHeader(key, val);
            });
            return this;
        }

        this._headers.push({
            key: this._normalizeHeaderKey(key),
            value
        });

        return this;
    }

    /**
     * Retrieves the first mathcing value of a selected key
     *
     * @param {String} key Key to search for
     * @retun {String} Value for the key
     */
    getHeader(key) {
        key = this._normalizeHeaderKey(key);
        for (let i = 0, len = this._headers.length; i < len; i++) {
            if (this._headers[i].key === key) {
                return this._headers[i].value;
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * Sets body content for current node. If the value is a string, charset is added automatically
     * to Content-Type (if it is text/*). If the value is a Buffer, you need to specify
     * the charset yourself
     *
     * @param (String|Buffer) content Body content
     * @return {Object} current node
     */
    setContent(content) {
        this.content = content;
        if (typeof this.content.pipe === 'function') {
            // pre-stream handler. might be triggered if a stream is set as content
            // and 'error' fires before anything is done with this stream
            this._contentErrorHandler = err => {
                this.content.removeListener('error', this._contentErrorHandler);
                this.content = err;
            };
            this.content.once('error', this._contentErrorHandler);
        } else if (typeof this.content === 'string') {
            this._isPlainText = mimeFuncs.isPlainText(this.content);
            if (this._isPlainText && mimeFuncs.hasLongerLines(this.content, 76)) {
                // If there are lines longer than 76 symbols/bytes do not use 7bit
                this._hasLongLines = true;
            }
        }
        return this;
    }

    build(callback) {
        let promise;

        if (!callback) {
            promise = new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
                callback = shared.callbackPromise(resolve, reject);
            });
        }

        let stream = this.createReadStream();
        let buf = [];
        let buflen = 0;
        let returned = false;

        stream.on('readable', () => {
            let chunk;

            while ((chunk = stream.read()) !== null) {
                buf.push(chunk);
                buflen += chunk.length;
            }
        });

        stream.once('error', err => {
            if (returned) {
                return;
            }
            returned = true;

            return callback(err);
        });

        stream.once('end', chunk => {
            if (returned) {
                return;
            }
            returned = true;

            if (chunk && chunk.length) {
                buf.push(chunk);
                buflen += chunk.length;
            }
            return callback(null, Buffer.concat(buf, buflen));
        });

        return promise;
    }

    getTransferEncoding() {
        let transferEncoding = false;
        let contentType = (this.getHeader('Content-Type') || '')
            .toString()
            .toLowerCase()
            .trim();

        if (this.content) {
            transferEncoding = (this.getHeader('Content-Transfer-Encoding') || '')
                .toString()
                .toLowerCase()
                .trim();
            if (!transferEncoding || !['base64', 'quoted-printable'].includes(transferEncoding)) {
                if (/^text\//i.test(contentType)) {
                    // If there are no special symbols, no need to modify the text
                    if (this._isPlainText && !this._hasLongLines) {
                        transferEncoding = '7bit';
                    } else if (typeof this.content === 'string' || this.content instanceof Buffer) {
                        // detect preferred encoding for string value
                        transferEncoding = this._getTextEncoding(this.content) === 'Q' ? 'quoted-printable' : 'base64';
                    } else {
                        // we can not check content for a stream, so either use preferred encoding or fallback to QP
                        transferEncoding = this.transferEncoding === 'B' ? 'base64' : 'quoted-printable';
                    }
                } else if (!/^(multipart|message)\//i.test(contentType)) {
                    transferEncoding = transferEncoding || 'base64';
                }
            }
        }
        return transferEncoding;
    }

    /**
     * Builds the header block for the mime node. Append \r\n\r\n before writing the content
     *
     * @returns {String} Headers
     */
    buildHeaders() {
        let transferEncoding = this.getTransferEncoding();
        let headers = [];

        if (transferEncoding) {
            this.setHeader('Content-Transfer-Encoding', transferEncoding);
        }

        if (this.filename && !this.getHeader('Content-Disposition')) {
            this.setHeader('Content-Disposition', 'attachment');
        }

        // Ensure mandatory header fields
        if (this.rootNode === this) {
            if (!this.getHeader('Date')) {
                this.setHeader('Date', this.date.toUTCString().replace(/GMT/, '+0000'));
            }

            // ensure that Message-Id is present
            this.messageId();

            if (!this.getHeader('MIME-Version')) {
                this.setHeader('MIME-Version', '1.0');
            }
        }

        this._headers.forEach(header => {
            let key = header.key;
            let value = header.value;
            let structured;
            let param;
            let options = {};
            let formattedHeaders = ['From', 'Sender', 'To', 'Cc', 'Bcc', 'Reply-To', 'Date', 'References'];

            if (value && typeof value === 'object' && !formattedHeaders.includes(key)) {
                Object.keys(value).forEach(key => {
                    if (key !== 'value') {
                        options[key] = value[key];
                    }
                });
                value = (value.value || '').toString();
                if (!value.trim()) {
                    return;
                }
            }

            if (options.prepared) {
                // header value is
                if (options.foldLines) {
                    headers.push(mimeFuncs.foldLines(key + ': ' + value));
                } else {
                    headers.push(key + ': ' + value);
                }
                return;
            }

            switch (header.key) {
                case 'Content-Disposition':
                    structured = mimeFuncs.parseHeaderValue(value);
                    if (this.filename) {
                        structured.params.filename = this.filename;
                    }
                    value = mimeFuncs.buildHeaderValue(structured);
                    break;
                case 'Content-Type':
                    structured = mimeFuncs.parseHeaderValue(value);

                    this._handleContentType(structured);

                    if (structured.value.match(/^text\/plain\b/) && typeof this.content === 'string' && /[\u0080-\uFFFF]/.test(this.content)) {
                        structured.params.charset = 'utf-8';
                    }

                    value = mimeFuncs.buildHeaderValue(structured);

                    if (this.filename) {
                        // add support for non-compliant clients like QQ webmail
                        // we can't build the value with buildHeaderValue as the value is non standard and
                        // would be converted to parameter continuation encoding that we do not want
                        param = this._encodeWords(this.filename);

                        if (param !== this.filename || /[\s'"\\;:/=(),<>@[\]?]|^-/.test(param)) {
                            // include value in quotes if needed
                            param = '"' + param + '"';
                        }
                        value += '; name=' + param;
                    }
                    break;
                case 'Bcc':
                    if (!this.keepBcc) {
                        // skip BCC values
                        return;
                    }
                    break;
            }

            value = this._encodeHeaderValue(key, value);

            // skip empty lines
            if (!(value || '').toString().trim()) {
                return;
            }

            if (typeof this.normalizeHeaderKey === 'function') {
                let normalized = this.normalizeHeaderKey(key, value);
                if (normalized && typeof normalized === 'string' && normalized.length) {
                    key = normalized;
                }
            }

            headers.push(mimeFuncs.foldLines(key + ': ' + value, 76));
        });

        return headers.join('\r\n');
    }

    /**
     * Streams the rfc2822 message from the current node. If this is a root node,
     * mandatory header fields are set if missing (Date, Message-Id, MIME-Version)
     *
     * @return {String} Compiled message
     */
    createReadStream(options) {
        options = options || {};

        let stream = new PassThrough(options);
        let outputStream = stream;
        let transform;

        this.stream(stream, options, err => {
            if (err) {
                outputStream.emit('error', err);
                return;
            }
            stream.end();
        });

        for (let i = 0, len = this._transforms.length; i < len; i++) {
            transform = typeof this._transforms[i] === 'function' ? this._transforms[i]() : this._transforms[i];
            outputStream.once('error', err => {
                transform.emit('error', err);
            });
            outputStream = outputStream.pipe(transform);
        }

        // ensure terminating newline after possible user transforms
        transform = new LastNewline();
        outputStream.once('error', err => {
            transform.emit('error', err);
        });
        outputStream = outputStream.pipe(transform);

        // dkim and stuff
        for (let i = 0, len = this._processFuncs.length; i < len; i++) {
            transform = this._processFuncs[i];
            outputStream = transform(outputStream);
        }

        return outputStream;
    }

    /**
     * Appends a transform stream object to the transforms list. Final output
     * is passed through this stream before exposing
     *
     * @param {Object} transform Read-Write stream
     */
    transform(transform) {
        this._transforms.push(transform);
    }

    /**
     * Appends a post process function. The functon is run after transforms and
     * uses the following syntax
     *
     *   processFunc(input) -> outputStream
     *
     * @param {Object} processFunc Read-Write stream
     */
    processFunc(processFunc) {
        this._processFuncs.push(processFunc);
    }

    stream(outputStream, options, done) {
        let transferEncoding = this.getTransferEncoding();
        let contentStream;
        let localStream;

        // protect actual callback against multiple triggering
        let returned = false;
        let callback = err => {
            if (returned) {
                return;
            }
            returned = true;
            done(err);
        };

        // for multipart nodes, push child nodes
        // for content nodes end the stream
        let finalize = () => {
            let childId = 0;
            let processChildNode = () => {
                if (childId >= this.childNodes.length) {
                    outputStream.write('\r\n--' + this.boundary + '--\r\n');
                    return callback();
                }
                let child = this.childNodes[childId++];
                outputStream.write((childId > 1 ? '\r\n' : '') + '--' + this.boundary + '\r\n');
                child.stream(outputStream, options, err => {
                    if (err) {
                        return callback(err);
                    }
                    setImmediate(processChildNode);
                });
            };

            if (this.multipart) {
                setImmediate(processChildNode);
            } else {
                return callback();
            }
        };

        // pushes node content
        let sendContent = () => {
            if (this.content) {
                if (Object.prototype.toString.call(this.content) === '[object Error]') {
                    // content is already errored
                    return callback(this.content);
                }

                if (typeof this.content.pipe === 'function') {
                    this.content.removeListener('error', this._contentErrorHandler);
                    this._contentErrorHandler = err => callback(err);
                    this.content.once('error', this._contentErrorHandler);
                }

                let createStream = () => {
                    if (['quoted-printable', 'base64'].includes(transferEncoding)) {
                        contentStream = new (transferEncoding === 'base64' ? base64 : qp).Encoder(options);

                        contentStream.pipe(
                            outputStream,
                            {
                                end: false
                            }
                        );
                        contentStream.once('end', finalize);
                        contentStream.once('error', err => callback(err));

                        localStream = this._getStream(this.content);
                        localStream.pipe(contentStream);
                    } else {
                        // anything that is not QP or Base54 passes as-is
                        localStream = this._getStream(this.content);
                        localStream.pipe(
                            outputStream,
                            {
                                end: false
                            }
                        );
                        localStream.once('end', finalize);
                    }

                    localStream.once('error', err => callback(err));
                };

                if (this.content._resolve) {
                    let chunks = [];
                    let chunklen = 0;
                    let returned = false;
                    let sourceStream = this._getStream(this.content);
                    sourceStream.on('error', err => {
                        if (returned) {
                            return;
                        }
                        returned = true;
                        callback(err);
                    });
                    sourceStream.on('readable', () => {
                        let chunk;
                        while ((chunk = sourceStream.read()) !== null) {
                            chunks.push(chunk);
                            chunklen += chunk.length;
                        }
                    });
                    sourceStream.on('end', () => {
                        if (returned) {
                            return;
                        }
                        returned = true;
                        this.content._resolve = false;
                        this.content._resolvedValue = Buffer.concat(chunks, chunklen);
                        setImmediate(createStream);
                    });
                } else {
                    setImmediate(createStream);
                }
                return;
            } else {
                return setImmediate(finalize);
            }
        };

        if (this._raw) {
            setImmediate(() => {
                if (Object.prototype.toString.call(this._raw) === '[object Error]') {
                    // content is already errored
                    return callback(this._raw);
                }

                // remove default error handler (if set)
                if (typeof this._raw.pipe === 'function') {
                    this._raw.removeListener('error', this._contentErrorHandler);
                }

                let raw = this._getStream(this._raw);
                raw.pipe(
                    outputStream,
                    {
                        end: false
                    }
                );
                raw.on('error', err => outputStream.emit('error', err));
                raw.on('end', finalize);
            });
        } else {
            outputStream.write(this.buildHeaders() + '\r\n\r\n');
            setImmediate(sendContent);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Sets envelope to be used instead of the generated one
     *
     * @return {Object} SMTP envelope in the form of {from: 'from@example.com', to: ['to@example.com']}
     */
    setEnvelope(envelope) {
        let list;

        this._envelope = {
            from: false,
            to: []
        };

        if (envelope.from) {
            list = [];
            this._convertAddresses(this._parseAddresses(envelope.from), list);
            list = list.filter(address => address && address.address);
            if (list.length && list[0]) {
                this._envelope.from = list[0].address;
            }
        }
        ['to', 'cc', 'bcc'].forEach(key => {
            if (envelope[key]) {
                this._convertAddresses(this._parseAddresses(envelope[key]), this._envelope.to);
            }
        });

        this._envelope.to = this._envelope.to.map(to => to.address).filter(address => address);

        let standardFields = ['to', 'cc', 'bcc', 'from'];
        Object.keys(envelope).forEach(key => {
            if (!standardFields.includes(key)) {
                this._envelope[key] = envelope[key];
            }
        });

        return this;
    }

    /**
     * Generates and returns an object with parsed address fields
     *
     * @return {Object} Address object
     */
    getAddresses() {
        let addresses = {};

        this._headers.forEach(header => {
            let key = header.key.toLowerCase();
            if (['from', 'sender', 'reply-to', 'to', 'cc', 'bcc'].includes(key)) {
                if (!Array.isArray(addresses[key])) {
                    addresses[key] = [];
                }

                this._convertAddresses(this._parseAddresses(header.value), addresses[key]);
            }
        });

        return addresses;
    }

    /**
     * Generates and returns SMTP envelope with the sender address and a list of recipients addresses
     *
     * @return {Object} SMTP envelope in the form of {from: 'from@example.com', to: ['to@example.com']}
     */
    getEnvelope() {
        if (this._envelope) {
            return this._envelope;
        }

        let envelope = {
            from: false,
            to: []
        };
        this._headers.forEach(header => {
            let list = [];
            if (header.key === 'From' || (!envelope.from && ['Reply-To', 'Sender'].includes(header.key))) {
                this._convertAddresses(this._parseAddresses(header.value), list);
                if (list.length && list[0]) {
                    envelope.from = list[0].address;
                }
            } else if (['To', 'Cc', 'Bcc'].includes(header.key)) {
                this._convertAddresses(this._parseAddresses(header.value), envelope.to);
            }
        });

        envelope.to = envelope.to.map(to => to.address);

        return envelope;
    }

    /**
     * Returns Message-Id value. If it does not exist, then creates one
     *
     * @return {String} Message-Id value
     */
    messageId() {
        let messageId = this.getHeader('Message-ID');
        // You really should define your own Message-Id field!
        if (!messageId) {
            messageId = this._generateMessageId();
            this.setHeader('Message-ID', messageId);
        }
        return messageId;
    }

    /**
     * Sets pregenerated content that will be used as the output of this node
     *
     * @param {String|Buffer|Stream} Raw MIME contents
     */
    setRaw(raw) {
        this._raw = raw;

        if (this._raw && typeof this._raw.pipe === 'function') {
            // pre-stream handler. might be triggered if a stream is set as content
            // and 'error' fires before anything is done with this stream
            this._contentErrorHandler = err => {
                this._raw.removeListener('error', this._contentErrorHandler);
                this._raw = err;
            };
            this._raw.once('error', this._contentErrorHandler);
        }

        return this;
    }

    /////// PRIVATE METHODS

    /**
     * Detects and returns handle to a stream related with the content.
     *
     * @param {Mixed} content Node content
     * @returns {Object} Stream object
     */
    _getStream(content) {
        let contentStream;

        if (content._resolvedValue) {
            // pass string or buffer content as a stream
            contentStream = new PassThrough();
            setImmediate(() => contentStream.end(content._resolvedValue));
            return contentStream;
        } else if (typeof content.pipe === 'function') {
            // assume as stream
            return content;
        } else if (content && typeof content.path === 'string' && !content.href) {
            if (this.disableFileAccess) {
                contentStream = new PassThrough();
                setImmediate(() => contentStream.emit('error', new Error('File access rejected for ' + content.path)));
                return contentStream;
            }
            // read file
            return fs.createReadStream(content.path);
        } else if (content && typeof content.href === 'string') {
            if (this.disableUrlAccess) {
                contentStream = new PassThrough();
                setImmediate(() => contentStream.emit('error', new Error('Url access rejected for ' + content.href)));
                return contentStream;
            }
            // fetch URL
            return fetch(content.href);
        } else {
            // pass string or buffer content as a stream
            contentStream = new PassThrough();
            setImmediate(() => contentStream.end(content || ''));
            return contentStream;
        }
    }

    /**
     * Parses addresses. Takes in a single address or an array or an
     * array of address arrays (eg. To: [[first group], [second group],...])
     *
     * @param {Mixed} addresses Addresses to be parsed
     * @return {Array} An array of address objects
     */
    _parseAddresses(addresses) {
        return [].concat.apply(
            [],
            [].concat(addresses).map(address => {
                // eslint-disable-line prefer-spread
                if (address && address.address) {
                    address.address = this._normalizeAddress(address.address);
                    address.name = address.name || '';
                    return [address];
                }
                return addressparser(address);
            })
        );
    }

    /**
     * Normalizes a header key, uses Camel-Case form, except for uppercase MIME-
     *
     * @param {String} key Key to be normalized
     * @return {String} key in Camel-Case form
     */
    _normalizeHeaderKey(key) {
        key = (key || '')
            .toString()
            // no newlines in keys
            .replace(/\r?\n|\r/g, ' ')
            .trim()
            .toLowerCase()
            // use uppercase words, except MIME
            .replace(/^X-SMTPAPI$|^(MIME|DKIM)\b|^[a-z]|-(SPF|FBL|ID|MD5)$|-[a-z]/gi, c => c.toUpperCase())
            // special case
            .replace(/^Content-Features$/i, 'Content-features');

        return key;
    }

    /**
     * Checks if the content type is multipart and defines boundary if needed.
     * Doesn't return anything, modifies object argument instead.
     *
     * @param {Object} structured Parsed header value for 'Content-Type' key
     */
    _handleContentType(structured) {
        this.contentType = structured.value.trim().toLowerCase();

        this.multipart = this.contentType.split('/').reduce((prev, value) => (prev === 'multipart' ? value : false));

        if (this.multipart) {
            this.boundary = structured.params.boundary = structured.params.boundary || this.boundary || this._generateBoundary();
        } else {
            this.boundary = false;
        }
    }

    /**
     * Generates a multipart boundary value
     *
     * @return {String} boundary value
     */
    _generateBoundary() {
        return this.rootNode.boundaryPrefix + '-' + this.rootNode.baseBoundary + '-Part_' + this._nodeId;
    }

    /**
     * Encodes a header value for use in the generated rfc2822 email.
     *
     * @param {String} key Header key
     * @param {String} value Header value
     */
    _encodeHeaderValue(key, value) {
        key = this._normalizeHeaderKey(key);

        switch (key) {
            // Structured headers
            case 'From':
            case 'Sender':
            case 'To':
            case 'Cc':
            case 'Bcc':
            case 'Reply-To':
                return this._convertAddresses(this._parseAddresses(value));

            // values enclosed in <>
            case 'Message-ID':
            case 'In-Reply-To':
            case 'Content-Id':
                value = (value || '').toString().replace(/\r?\n|\r/g, ' ');

                if (value.charAt(0) !== '<') {
                    value = '<' + value;
                }

                if (value.charAt(value.length - 1) !== '>') {
                    value = value + '>';
                }
                return value;

            // space separated list of values enclosed in <>
            case 'References':
                value = [].concat
                    .apply(
                        [],
                        [].concat(value || '').map(elm => {
                            // eslint-disable-line prefer-spread
                            elm = (elm || '')
                                .toString()
                                .replace(/\r?\n|\r/g, ' ')
                                .trim();
                            return elm.replace(/<[^>]*>/g, str => str.replace(/\s/g, '')).split(/\s+/);
                        })
                    )
                    .map(elm => {
                        if (elm.charAt(0) !== '<') {
                            elm = '<' + elm;
                        }
                        if (elm.charAt(elm.length - 1) !== '>') {
                            elm = elm + '>';
                        }
                        return elm;
                    });

                return value.join(' ').trim();

            case 'Date':
                if (Object.prototype.toString.call(value) === '[object Date]') {
                    return value.toUTCString().replace(/GMT/, '+0000');
                }

                value = (value || '').toString().replace(/\r?\n|\r/g, ' ');
                return this._encodeWords(value);

            default:
                value = (value || '').toString().replace(/\r?\n|\r/g, ' ');
                // encodeWords only encodes if needed, otherwise the original string is returned
                return this._encodeWords(value);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Rebuilds address object using punycode and other adjustments
     *
     * @param {Array} addresses An array of address objects
     * @param {Array} [uniqueList] An array to be populated with addresses
     * @return {String} address string
     */
    _convertAddresses(addresses, uniqueList) {
        let values = [];

        uniqueList = uniqueList || [];

        [].concat(addresses || []).forEach(address => {
            if (address.address) {
                address.address = this._normalizeAddress(address.address);

                if (!address.name) {
                    values.push(address.address);
                } else if (address.name) {
                    values.push(this._encodeAddressName(address.name) + ' <' + address.address + '>');
                }

                if (address.address) {
                    if (!uniqueList.filter(a => a.address === address.address).length) {
                        uniqueList.push(address);
                    }
                }
            } else if (address.group) {
                values.push(
                    this._encodeAddressName(address.name) + ':' + (address.group.length ? this._convertAddresses(address.group, uniqueList) : '').trim() + ';'
                );
            }
        });

        return values.join(', ');
    }

    /**
     * Normalizes an email address
     *
     * @param {Array} address An array of address objects
     * @return {String} address string
     */
    _normalizeAddress(address) {
        address = (address || '').toString().trim();

        let lastAt = address.lastIndexOf('@');
        if (lastAt < 0) {
            // Bare username
            return address;
        }
        let user = address.substr(0, lastAt);
        let domain = address.substr(lastAt + 1);

        // Usernames are not touched and are kept as is even if these include unicode
        // Domains are punycoded by default
        // 'jõgeva.ee' will be converted to 'xn--jgeva-dua.ee'
        // non-unicode domains are left as is

        return user + '@' + punycode.toASCII(domain.toLowerCase());
    }

    /**
     * If needed, mime encodes the name part
     *
     * @param {String} name Name part of an address
     * @returns {String} Mime word encoded string if needed
     */
    _encodeAddressName(name) {
        if (!/^[\w ']*$/.test(name)) {
            if (/^[\x20-\x7e]*$/.test(name)) {
                return '"' + name.replace(/([\\"])/g, '\\$1') + '"';
            } else {
                return mimeFuncs.encodeWord(name, this._getTextEncoding(name), 52);
            }
        }
        return name;
    }

    /**
     * If needed, mime encodes the name part
     *
     * @param {String} name Name part of an address
     * @returns {String} Mime word encoded string if needed
     */
    _encodeWords(value) {
        // set encodeAll parameter to true even though it is against the recommendation of RFC2047,
        // by default only words that include non-ascii should be converted into encoded words
        // but some clients (eg. Zimbra) do not handle it properly and remove surrounding whitespace
        return mimeFuncs.encodeWords(value, this._getTextEncoding(value), 52, true);
    }

    /**
     * Detects best mime encoding for a text value
     *
     * @param {String} value Value to check for
     * @return {String} either 'Q' or 'B'
     */
    _getTextEncoding(value) {
        value = (value || '').toString();

        let encoding = this.textEncoding;
        let latinLen;
        let nonLatinLen;

        if (!encoding) {
            // count latin alphabet symbols and 8-bit range symbols + control symbols
            // if there are more latin characters, then use quoted-printable
            // encoding, otherwise use base64
            nonLatinLen = (value.match(/[\x00-\x08\x0B\x0C\x0E-\x1F\u0080-\uFFFF]/g) || []).length; // eslint-disable-line no-control-regex
            latinLen = (value.match(/[a-z]/gi) || []).length;
            // if there are more latin symbols than binary/unicode, then prefer Q, otherwise B
            encoding = nonLatinLen < latinLen ? 'Q' : 'B';
        }
        return encoding;
    }

    /**
     * Generates a message id
     *
     * @return {String} Random Message-ID value
     */
    _generateMessageId() {
        return (
            '<' +
            [2, 2, 2, 6].reduce(
                // crux to generate UUID-like random strings
                (prev, len) => prev + '-' + crypto.randomBytes(len).toString('hex'),
                crypto.randomBytes(4).toString('hex')
            ) +
            '@' +
            // try to use the domain of the FROM address or fallback to server hostname
            (this.getEnvelope().from || this.hostname || os.hostname() || 'localhost').split('@').pop() +
            '>'
        );
    }
}

module.exports = MimeNode;